Birth of Jesus Christ
In-Depth Summary
Quick links in this study:
Introduction to the Birth of Jesus Christ Bible Study
Purpose of This Study
The in-depth summary of each bible study is much different than the small group bible study that is laid out before the leader and the students. The small group studies are intended to be interactive, provide a learning atmosphere for students, and open discussions allowing for interpretations for what the gospels’ witnessed. The in-depth summary is designed to help the leader with expansive information, much more than what is in the text notes found at the bottom of every bible page. An exhaustive search was completed on each verse to help the Leader answer questions that may come up during the study.
Matthew and Luke’s Different Perspectives
The Bible study of “The Birth of Jesus Christ” is different from other studies. The two Gospels that describe Jesus’ birth are Matthew and Luke. There is little comparison between the two Gospels. This study provides a complete illustration of Jesus’ birth by complementing the two Gospels, which wrote about the event from their points of view.
You will notice Matthew describing the event from Joseph’s perspective. Matthew was Jewish, and he wrote to the Jewish community. There are a few possibilities from Matthew’s perspective. Matthew is the only one who wrote about Joseph, Jesus’ earthly father, and the dreams he had with angels.
In contrast, Luke’s version focuses more closely on Mary’s experience. Even though their perspectives on the event are different, this does not discount either writer’s account. Quite the contrary, it provides a more complete and detailed interpretation of the event. Luke was a Gentile and a physician who never met Jesus. Luke wrote what he knew and heard from the other Gospel writers. Luke does not describe any of the dreams. It is also safe to assume that neither Matthew nor Luke was an actual eyewitness of Jesus’ birth. It is also not known how either obtained knowledge of the events. Their descriptions of the event are very different, but they both agree that Mary and Joseph lived in Nazareth and that Jesus was born in Bethlehem.
The Birth of Jesus According to Matthew (Matthew 1:18-25)
Mary and Joseph Betrothal
Matthew 1:18: There are a few critical elements in this verse: (1) Mary and Joseph were betrothed to each other, (2) the meaning of “before they came together,” and (3) Mary was pregnant by the Holy Ghost.
1. Many different Bible versions use different words to express this event, such as espoused, engaged, or pledged. The Greek word is betrothed, which, in Jewish culture, was a binding agreement. The betrothal agreement was often between the husband and the bride’s father. The betrothal period would commonly last ten to twelve months before the consummation of the marriage. There were to be no sexual relations during a Jewish betrothal. A betrothed woman was widely referred to as a wife.[i] If a betrothed woman were to have sexual relations with another man during the betrothal period, she would be guilty of adultery and subject to divorce. In the Old Testament (Deuteronomy 22:24)[ii], if a virgin pledged to be married had sexual relations with a man other than her husband-to-be, both the estranged man and woman would be stoned to death.
Understanding "Before They Came Together"
2. The phrase “before they came together” means Joseph and Mary had not yet had sexual relations. It is implied that Mary was a virgin at this time. During this one year of betrothal, Mary was found to be pregnant.[iii]
The Virgin Conception by the Holy Spirit
3. Mary was with child through the Holy Ghost. At first, Joseph did not comprehend that Mary’s divine pregnancy was the work of the Holy Spirit. The pregnancy put Joseph in a difficult situation. He only knew she was pregnant, and it was not by himself. He thus assumed Mary was unfaithful. There have been several times miraculous pregnancies took place in the Old Testament. But in every circumstance, the woman became pregnant by a human man. This is the first pregnancy a woman has been pregnant without the help of the seed of a mortal man.[iv]
The First Prophecy Fulfilled.
The seed of a woman (virgin birth). After the fall of man, which created a world of sin, God punishes the serpent in Genesis 3:15. The prophecy is stated in the first part of Genesis 3:15. God states He will put enmity between you and the woman (this is not Eve; this is Mary). The seed of the woman will be the Messiah of Israel (Jesus). Mary gives birth to a child not conceived by an earthly father but by the Holy Spirit.
Joseph’s Character and Compassion
Matthew 1:19: Joseph is referred to here as “her husband,” however, Joseph and Mary were not yet married but betrothed. A couple of versions use the word “fiancé.” Joseph is also referred to as a “just man.” Several versions refer to Joseph as a man of compassion, kindness, merciful, and righteousness. But it also means he was committed and passionate to his wife and did not want her to undergo any embarrassment of a public divorce but a private divorce.[v]
Joseph did want to divorce Mary on the grounds of infidelity but did not want to disgrace her. Hence the words “put her away privily” to do so in silence. Most public divorces involve a bill of divorce to specify the causes or settings for divorce. Witnesses would also have to be present to testify to the divorce.[vi]
Joseph had four dreams detailed by Matthew in his first two chapters.
Joseph's First Dream (Matthew 1:20-21)
The Angel's Appearance to Joseph
Matthew 1:20-21: The Lord communicated dreams to Joseph through an angelic being, providing him guidance, wisdom, and safety for himself, Mary, and baby Jesus. After Joseph decided to put Mary away secretly (Matthew 1:19), Matthew 1:20 states, “He thought about these things.”
Joseph did not act in haste. Divorce was a significant decision Joseph would make between Mary and himself. He demonstrated a great deal of patience, calmness, and fortitude in his character. The angel of the Lord is God’s messenger explicitly sent to minister to Joseph. A dream was a common way God communicated with the ancient prophets. The angel’s first communication with Joseph is in a dream, where the angel said to Joseph, “Joseph, son of David.” Jesus is the legal son of Joseph. Matthew 1:18–25 demonstrates that Joseph was not Jesus’ physical father. However, it is necessary to establish the lineage from David to Jesus. The angel commands and informs Joseph to do five things:
Five Instructions Given by the Angel
1. Joseph is to take Mary as his wife. The angel is ministering to Joseph to comfort his mind and heart. Joseph should have no apprehension in accepting Mary’s virtue and purity. There is no shame on either Joseph’s or Mary’s part.
2. Joseph accepts Mary’s pregnancy from the Holy Spirit. The angel reveals to Joseph that Mary is not pregnant due to having sex with another man. Conception is a direct creation of divine power. The angel directs Joseph to accept Mary and her baby as pure and clean.
3. Mary will give birth to a Son, fulfilling the prophecy from Isaiah 7:14:9 “The virgin will conceive and give birth to a son.” Mary is a virgin and gives birth to a son.
4. Joseph is to call his name Jesus. “Jesus” in Greek is translated as “Savior.” In Hebrew, it is Joshua, which means “Yahweh saves.”
5. He will save his people from their sins.
The Meaning of the Name Jesus
The name Jesus comes from the Greek form of Joshua and means "Yahweh saves" or "The Lord saves." Providing people a pathway to heaven is Jesus’ purpose. Jesus was not sent to save man in their sins, but to save man from their sins. Jesus provides the only path for His followers to receive salvation with God.[vii]
Understanding Biblical Prophecy
What Is Prophecy?
Before going forward, let us first define what prophecy means. We are going to use Webster’s American Dictionary of the English Language from 1828. This removes all the current bias and political correctness from the current English language. Webster defines prophecy as follows:
“1. A foretelling; prediction; a declaration of something to come. As God only knows future events with certainty, no being but God or some person informed by him can utter a real prophecy. The prophecies recorded in Scripture, when fulfilled, afford the most convincing evidence of the divine original of the Scriptures, as those who uttered the prophecies could not have foreknown the events predicted without supernatural instruction. 2 Pet. i.
2. In Scripture, a book of prophecies; a history; as the prophecy of Ahijah. 2 Chron. ix.
3. Preaching; public interpretation of Scripture; exhortation or instruction. Prov. xxxi.”[viii]
Now that we know what a prophecy is, we need to define elements that fulfill a prophecy. This is not an exhaustive list; however, it is a common conclusion that these elements must be achieved before a prophecy might be or actually is fulfilled.
Characteristics of Fulfilled Prophecy
1. When an event, statement, or occurrence is clearly predicted and then comes to pass. This means it happened or to occur, and this is said to be fulfilled.
2. When something is characteristic or foreshadowed by another event that occurs. When the event occurs, this is to be said to be fulfilled.
3. When a prophecy of a future event is expressed in language that describes an event is so full and rich of the prediction that no other answer is a viable alternative, it is said to be fulfilled. Matthew provides evidence of five prophecies that are fulfilled in this study. The first one occurs in Matthew 1:22-23.
The Second Prophecy Fulfilled: The Virgin Birth (Matthew 1:22-23)
Isaiah’s Prophecy of Immanuel
Matthew 1:22-23: The prophecy Matthew is referring to here is in Isaiah 7:14. This statement by Isaiah to King Ahaz of Judah was approximately 740 years before the birth of Christ. Compare what Isaiah states and how Matthew paraphrases the prophecy:
“Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a Son, and shall call His name Immanuel.”[ix]
“Behold, the virgin shall be with child, And bear a Son, and they shall call His name Immanuel.”
To fulfill this prophecy, four elements need to be achieved.
Four Elements of the Virgin Birth Prophecy
1. The woman must still be a virgin.
2. The woman, still being a virgin, must conceive, meaning the woman must become pregnant while still being a virgin.
3. The virgin woman who conceived must then give birth to a boy (Son).
4. They will call the Son “Immanuel.”[ix]
How Jesus Fulfilled the Prophecy
The angel of the Lord first reveals to Joseph in Matthew 1:20-21 that his betrothed wife, Mary, was not unfaithful to him, and she was not pregnant from another man. Therefore, Mary was still a ‘virgin.’ This fulfills element number 1. The angel then explains Mary’s pregnancy to Joseph. The angel states Mary’s pregnancy was conceived by the Holy Spirit. This act was to fulfill element number 2. For purposes of fulfilling the prophecy, in Luke 2:7, Mary brings forth her firstborn Son. This completes element number 3. Matthew provides an account of the miraculous conception of Jesus.
He details how Mary became pregnant by the Holy Spirit. Therefore, since Holy Spirit and God are the same, God is Jesus’ Father.
Matthew describes Jesus as divine as well as being a human being. The appropriate name of Jesus is Immanuel, translated “God is with us.” This fulfills number 4.
Joseph Obeys God (Matthew 1:24-25)
Joseph Takes Mary as His Wife
Matthew 1:24-25: After Joseph fully awoke, he ended the betrothal period and took Mary. The phrase “did not know her” means Joseph did not have sexual relations with Mary until after Jesus was born. Joseph and Mary had several children after Jesus was born (Matthew 13:55-57 and Mark 3:31-32).[x]
The Birth of Jesus Christ According to Luke (Luke 2:1-7)
Caesar Augustus and the Roman Census
Luke 2:1: Caesar Augustus was the Roman emperor and reigned from 31 BC to AD 14. His first name was Octavianus.[xi] He was the nephew of Julius Caesar. He expanded the empire to include the entire Mediterranean world during his reign. The census was used primarily to ascertain the population and the property of the Roman empire. The population was used for military service. The phrase “should be taxed” has been omitted in some bibles.
The original word tax was used not to levy or raise money but rather to enroll by making a list of its citizens, their employment, and the amount of their property.[xii]
Quirinius and the Historical Context
Luke 2:2: Cyrenius (KJV) or Quirinius (NKJV) was the governor of Syria at the census. The controversy in this passage is timing. Quirinius was governor in Syria from AD 6 to AD 9, Which would place his time after Jesus was born. It is possible that Quirinius was the governor twice, as there is a gap in the records from 4 BC to AD 1, the period between Varus and Gaius Caesar. Another possibility is that Cyrenius was a Roman senator under Augustus from 4 BC to AD 1 when the first census was taken. Being Cyrenius was an enterprising man, Augustus could have dispatched him to complete the census in Syria. Then afterward, been appointed as Governor of Syria. Luke would have referred to Quirinius as governor. In either case, Luke strives for accuracy and clarity as he writes. He is merely establishing a time from Jesus’ birth.[xiii]
Joseph and Mary's Journey to Bethlehem
Luke 2:3-4: Each citizen of the Roman empire was required to go to the town of their ancestral roots. In Joseph’s case, he would have to go to Bethlehem, also known as the City of David, because it was the place of his birth. Also, Joseph descended from David as his ancestor. The distance from Nazareth to Bethlehem is about seventy miles.[xiv]
An average pace to travel on foot or by donkey would be about twenty miles per day. With Mary being pregnant, they traveled much slower than usual to avoid discomfort and risks to Mary and the Child. It could have taken them seven to ten days to complete the journey.[xv]
Luke 2:5: Mary was also from the house of David. She was close to giving birth to baby Jesus, so it makes sense for her to be with her betrothed husband. She was also engaged to be married to Joseph.
Third Prophecy Fulfilled: Jesus Born in Bethlehem
Micah's Prophecy of the Messiah
Luke 2:6: Luke 2:4-6 and Matthew 2:5-6 is relatively the same time frame and are combined and compared to with the prophecy from Micah. While Mary and Joseph were in Joseph’s ancestral home of Bethlehem, Mary gave birth to Jesus. In Matthew 2:6 Matthew paraphrases Micah’s prophecy in Micah 5:2. There are four parts of this prophecy that need to be achieved in order for the prophecy to be fulfilled. Let’s compare and discuss each one separately:
Comparing Micah and Matthew
(1) “But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, Though (2) You Are little among the thousands of (3) Judah (4) Yet out of you shall come forth to Me The One to be Ruler in Israel, Whose going forth are from of old, From everlasting.”
(1) “But you, Bethlehem, in the land of Judah, (2) Are the least among the (3) rulers of Judah; (4) For out of you shall come a Ruler, Who will shepherd My People Israel.”
The Requirements of the Bethlehem Prophecy
To fulfill this prophecy, four elements need to be achieved.
1. The Messiah must be born in Bethlehem Ephrathah
2. Are least among the thousands in Judah
3. The Messiah come from God to be ruler of Israel
4. The Messiah be from old and be everlasting
Evidence That Jesus Fulfilled the Prophecy
1. The birthplace of the future ruler of Israel must be from Bethlehem, Ephrathah. At the time of Micah’s writing, there were two towns named Bethlehem. One is in Judah near Jerusalem. The other is north near Nazareth. Micah specifically states the town of Bethlehem in Ephrathah. The Bethlehem of Ephrathah narrows the location to the Judah area. Ephrathah is more specific, similar to naming the county rather than the state. Matthew 2:1, fulfills element #1.
2. Bethlehem is a relatively small town among all the other towns and cities in Judah.
3. Rulers or leaders of Judah. The Messiah would be the leader of all the clans of Israel.
4. “out of you shall come forth to Me.” Out of Bethlehem Jesus will come forth. The coming ruler would come from Bethlehem. He would come from the old days and be eternal. Habakkuk mentions this in Habakkuk 1:12. Jesus claims to be the Messiah, ruler of Israel, John 4:25-26. Mark 14:61-62. This fulfills element #2.
John reaffirms Jesus is eternal. John 1:1-2. “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God.” Isaiah 9:6 defines the Jesus as being everlasting, as being called the “Everlasting Father.” This fulfills element #3.
Prophecy fulfilled. Only Jesus Christ fits this prophecy. (1) He was born in Bethlehem, (2) Jesus claimed to be the Messiah to rule over Israel, and (3) He fits the descriptions as being from “ancient times” and is everlasting. No other person or ruler in Israel fits these requirements.
The Significance of Jesus' Birth (Luke 2:7)
Jesus as Mary's Firstborn Son
Luke 2:7: There are several important statements made in this verse. (1) Jesus was Mary’s firstborn son.
The significance of the word firstborn implies that Mary did have additional children. Two verses confirm this: Matthew 13:55[xvi] and Mark 6:3. Both state Jesus had at least four brothers: James, Joses, Simon, and Judas.
The Meaning of Swaddling Clothes
(2) Jesus was wrapped in swaddling clothes. Bands or blankets were often used to keep the infant’s limbs confined. Some versions state they did this to keep the arms and legs straight.
Why Jesus Was Laid in a Manger
(3) Baby Jesus was laid in a manger. The manger was probably a feeding trough for cattle and animals. This is the only place or indication Jesus was born in a stable. Joseph and Mary would have filled it with hay or straw to keep Him warm.
Understanding "No Room in the Inn"
(4) “No room for them in the inn.” The term inn from Greek is translated to “guest room.” Not a building with several rooms. Entering the “inn” was a matter of necessity as Mary was on the eve of giving birth. Since there was no place else for Joseph and Mary to go, the only suitable and available area for shelter and Mary to give birth would be the stable or cave where the animals were kept.[xvii]
The Angels Announce Jesus' Birth to the Shepherds (Luke 2:8-20)
Shepherds Watching Their Flocks
Luke 2:8: Near or around Bethlehem, shepherds would remain out in the fields at night with their flock of sheep. They would protect them so they would not stray or be eaten by wolves or other wild beasts.[xviii]
The Angel's Message of Good News
Luke 2:9-10: Most versions state “an angel of the Lord.” No one knows for sure which angel is meant since no name is mentioned. What is inferred is that the glory of the Lord, God’s majestic presence, also commonly referred to as a light amid darkness, appears.[xix] This would naturally have frightened the shepherds guarding their sheep. The NKJV states that the shepherds were greatly afraid. The literal meaning was “frightened with massive fear.”[xx] The angel responds to comfort the shepherds and redirects their attention to the gospel’s good tidings.[xxi] When Luke refers to “all people,” he makes it clear that the good news and great joy are for all people, not just the Israelites.[xxii]
Luke 2:11-12: Here, the city of David refers to Jerusalem; however, Bethlehem is the actual town Jesus was born. Bethlehem was a much smaller community, similar to a suburb outside of a larger city.[xxiii] Bethlehem is about 5 miles from Jerusalem. The word Saviour means the deliverer or redeemer. The word Christ means anointed one. The sign is evidence by which the shepherds would identify the child. The angel clearly states the child would be wrapped in swaddling clothes lying in a manger.[xxiv]
The Heavenly Host Praises God
Luke 2:13-14: An enormous number of angels appear. This would have been a spectacular sight to see. And the angels worshiped Christ stating, “Glory to God in the highest.” Which means God is to be praised in the highest possible manner. This is the Lord’s highest expression of His love and mercy for mankind. Nowhere is there a greater sacrifice than giving his one and only Son to be man’s pathway to eternal salvation. The gospel will bring peace to mankind through faith in Jesus Christ.[xxv]
The Shepherds Visit Baby Jesus
Luke 2:15-20: As the shepherds watch as the angels retreat to heaven, and as the shock of their presence of this event starts to dissipate, they probably had only one thing on their mind; it was to see evidence for themselves what they saw and heard is true. This was in the middle of the night. One of them says, “let us go now.” So they left for Bethlehem at that moment. In verse 2:15:16, it says they came with haste, so they probably ran to Bethlehem. The shepherds found Mary, Joseph, and Baby Jesus in the manger, exactly as depicted by the angels.
In verse 2:15:17, this is confirmation that they have seen with their eyes what the angels said to them.[xxvi]
The Shepherds Become the First Gospel Messengers
Having seen the Baby for the first time, this was sufficient evidence to convince them that what the angels told them was accurate and verified. Further in this sentence, the shepherds then make known by telling everything they saw, what they heard from the angels, and the proof Christ the Lord was born. So, they told everyone they came in contact with what they heard and saw. In essence, these shepherds were the first to preachers of the gospel. In verse 2:15:18, the people who heard the shepherd’s story probably would be amazed. But similarly, with the shepherds, they would probably still want to see it to believe it.
Mary's Response to the Birth of Jesus
In verse 2:15:19, it states, “Mary kept all these things,” which means Mary is not keeping all that happened to her and what she saw and heard to herself. What this means is Mary thought on all these events deeply and appreciated the significance and importance of each event: The journey to Bethlehem, the obstacle of no room in the inn, the birth of her Son, the shepherds' angelic experience, and their immediate sense of urgency to see Baby Jesus for themselves. As the shepherds head back to the fields in verse 2:15:20, they announce Christ being born in Bethlehem.
The Circumcision and Naming of Jesus (Luke 2:21)
Luke 2:21: It was a typical Jewish tradition that baby boys were to be circumcised on the eighth day. Jesus was no different. He also was circumcised on the eighth day.[xxvii] Calling His name Jesus was foretold by the angel in Luke 1:31-33 when the angel spoke with Mary when Jesus was still in her womb. Even though Jesus had no sin, it was proper for Jesus to be circumcised.[xxviii] He would also not be admitted to any synagogue or Jewish temple and finish His work if not circumcised.
[i] “King James Bible Dictionary - Reference List - Betroth.” King James Bible Dictionary, 2024, kingjamesbibledictionary.com/Dictionary/betroth. Accessed 10 Sep. 2024.
[ii] Radmacher, Earl D., et al. NKJV Study Bible. Thomas Nelson, 2018, pp. 285–286. 5 “The Messiah
[iii] “Matthew 1:18 - Bible Verse Meaning and Commentary.” Bible Study Tools, 2025, www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/gills-exposition-of-the-bible/matthew-1-18.html. Accessed 10 Sep 2024.
[iv] “5 Staggering Pregnancies in the Bible Are Truly Miraculous.” Aleteia— Catholic Spirituality, Lifestyle, World News, and Culture, 2024, aleteia.
org/2023/07/08/5-staggering-pregnancies-in-the-bible-are-truly-miraculous. Accessed 10 Sep. 2024.
[v] “Matthew 1:19 Commentaries: And Joseph Her Husband, Being a Righteous Man and Not Wanting to Disgrace Her, Planned to Send Her Away Secretly.” Biblehub.com, biblehub.com/commentaries/matthew/1-19.htm.
[vi] Barnes, Albert. “The Gospel According to Matthew.” Notes on the New Testament, Baker Book House Company, Grand Rapids, MI, 2001, pp. 5.
[vii] “ANGEL of the LORD - Who Was He?” Bibleversestudy.com, 2024, www.bibleversestudy.com/matthew/matthew1-angel-of-the-lord.htm. Accessed 10 Sep. 2024.
[viii] “Websters Dictionary 1828 - Webster’s Dictionary 1828 - Prophecy.” Websters Dictionary 1828, 2025, webstersdictionary1828.com/Dictionary/Prophecy. Accessed 10 Sep 2024.
[ix] Radmacher, Earl D., et al. NKJV Study Bible. Thomas Nelson, 2018, p. 984.
[x] “What Does Matthew 1:25 Mean? | BibleRef.com.” BibleRef.com, 2024, www.bibleref.com/Matthew/1/Matthew-1-25.html. Accessed 10 Sep. 2024.
[xi] Wasson, Donald L. “The Principate of Augustus.” World History Encyclopedia, 23 Jan. 2024, www.worldhistory.org/article/2363/the-principate-of-augustus/.
[xii] Office For National Statistics. “Census-Taking in the Ancient World - Office for National Statistics.” Www.ons.gov.uk, 18 Jan. 2016, www.ons.gov.uk/census/2011census/howourcensusworks/aboutcensuses/censushistory/censustakingintheancientworld.
[xiii] Windle, Bryan. “Quirinius: An Archaeological Biography.” Bible Archaeology Report, 19 Dec. 2019, biblearchaeologyreport.com/2019/12/19/quirinius-
an-archaeological-biography/.
[xiv] Fentress, Valerie. “Why Did Mary and Joseph Go to Bethlehem for the Roman Census?” Christianity.com, Salem Web Network, 30 May 2024, www.christianity.com/wiki/holidays/why-mary-joseph-go-to-bethlehem-for-roman-census. html. Accessed 10 Sep. 2024.
[xv] Dhabliwala, Fr Neil. “How Long Is the Trip from Nazareth to Bethlehem?” St. Catherine, 6 Dec. 2017, www.stcatherinercc.org/single-post/2017/12/06/Howlong-is-the-trip-from-Nazareth-to-Bethlehem.
[xvi] Radmacher, Earl D., et al. NKJV Study Bible. Thomas Nelson, 2018, p. 1430.
[xvii] “Where Was Jesus Born: A Barn, Cave, or House.” Youth Pastor Theologian, www.youthpastortheologian.com/blog/where-was-jesus-born-a-barn-cave-orhouse.
[xviii] Barnes, Albert. “The Gospel According to Luke.” Notes on the New Testament, Baker Book House Company, Grand Rapids, MI, 2001, pp. 18–19.
[xix] “Luke 2 Benson Commentary.” Biblehub.com, 2025, biblehub.com/commentaries/benson/luke/2.htm. Accessed 8 Sep 2024.
[xx] What Does Luke 2:9 Mean? | BibleRef.com.” BibleRef.com, 2025, www.bibleref.com/Luke/2/Luke-2-9.html. Accessed 8 Sep. 2024.
[xxi] “Luke 2 Gill’s Exposition.” Biblehub.com, 2025, biblehub.com/commentaries/gill/luke/2.htm. Accessed 8 Sep 2024.
[xxii] Mooney, Britt. “Where Does the Bible Say ‘for unto You Is Born This Day in the City of David a Savior Who Is Christ the Lord’?” Bible Study Tools, Salem Web Network, 15 Dec. 2023, www.biblestudytools.com/bible-study/topical-studies/where-bible-say-for-unto-you-is-born-this-day-in-the-city-of-david-a-savior-who-is-christ-the-lord.html. Accessed 8 Sep 2024.
[xxiii] Lucey, Candice. “When Was Jesus Born?” Christianity.com, www.christianity.com/wiki/jesus-christ/when-was-jesus-born.html. 32 Radmacher, Earl D., et al. NKJV Study Bible. Thomas
[xxiv] Radmacher, Earl D., et al. NKJV Study Bible. Thomas Nelson, 2018, p. 1511.
[xxv] Barnes, Albert. “The Gospel According to Luke.” Notes on the New Testament, Baker Book House Company, Grand Rapids, MI, 2001, pp. 19–20.
[xxvi] Radmacher, Earl D., et al. NKJV Study Bible. Thomas Nelson, 2018, p. 1512.
[xxvii] “Luke 2 Benson Commentary.” Biblehub.com, 2024, biblehub.com/commentaries/benson/luke/2.htm.
[xxviii] Radmacher, Earl D., et al. NKJV Study Bible. Thomas Nelson, 2018, p. 30.